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Dialectic: The Pulse of Freedom

From ancient Greek διαλεκτική (dialektike) "the art of argument through interactive questioning and answering", from διαλεκτικός (dialektikos) "competent debater", from διαλέγομαι (dialegomai) "to participate in a dialogue", from διά (dia) "inter, through" + λέγειν (legein) "to speak"

Dialectics are based around three concepts:

    1: Everything is made out of opposing forces/opposing sides.
    2: Gradual changes lead to turning points, where one force overcomes the other.
    3: Change moves in spirals not circles. (Sometimes referred to as "negation of the negation")

In classical philosophy, dialectic (Greek: διαλεκτική) is controversy: the exchange of arguments and counter-arguments respectively advocating propositions(theses) and counter-propositions (antitheses). The outcome of the exercise might not simply be the refutation of one of the relevant points of view, but a synthesis or combination of the opposing assertions, or at least a qualitative transformation in the direction of the dialogue.

The concept was given new life by Hegel, whose dialectically dynamic model of nature and of history made it, as it were, a fundamental aspect of the nature of reality (instead of regarding the contradictions into which dialectics leads as a sign of the sterility of the dialectical method, as Kant tended to do in his Critique of Pure Reason). In the mid-19th century, the concept of "dialectic" was appropriated by Marx (see, for example, Das Kapital, published in 1867) and Engels and retooled in a non-idealist manner, becoming a crucial notion in their philosophy of dialectical materialism. Thus this concept has played a prominent role on the world stage and in world history. In contemporary polemics, "dialectics" may also refer to an understanding of how we can or should perceive the world (epistemology); an assertion that the nature of the world outside one's perception is interconnected, contradictory, and dynamic (ontology); or it can refer to a method of presentation of ideas and/or conclusions (discourse). According to Hegel, "Dialectic" is the method by which human history unfolds; that is to say, history progresses as a dialectical process.